Zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa, zvakaita sekukura kwekudiwa kwesimba pasi rose, kuchinja kwemitengo yemafuta nematambudziko emamiriro ekunze, zvakasunda nyika dzakawanda kuti dziite tsika yekushandura kugadzirwa kwesimba nekushandiswa kwesimba. Makambani emafuta epasi rose anga achiedza kuva pamberi peindasitiri, asi nzira dzakasiyana dzemakambani emafuta dzekushandura simba remhepo shoma dzinosiyana: Makambani ekuEurope ari kuvandudza nesimba simba remhepo, photovoltaic, hydrogen nedzimwe simba rinogona kuvandudzwa, ukuwo makambani ekuAmerica ari kuwedzera kurongeka kwekutora nekuchengetera kabhoni (CCS) nedzimwe tekinoroji dzisina kunaka dzekabhoni, uye nzira dzakasiyana dzichazopedzisira dzashandurwa kuita simba rekuchinja simba rekabhoni shoma. Kubva muna 2022, makambani makuru emafuta epasi rose akaita zvirongwa zvitsva zvichibva pakuwedzera kukuru kwehuwandu hwemabhizinesi ekutenga simba shoma uye mapurojekiti ekudyara zvakananga mugore rapfuura.
Kugadzira simba rehydrogen kwave kuri kubvumirana nemakambani makuru emafuta epasi rose.
Ndiyo nzvimbo inokosha uye yakaoma yekushandura simba rekufambisa, uye mafuta ekufambisa akachena uye asina kabhoni yakawanda anova kiyi yekushandura simba. Senzvimbo inokosha yekutanga kushandura kufambisa, simba rehydrogen rinokosheswa zvikuru nemakambani emafuta epasi rose.
Muna Ndira gore rino, Total Energy yakazivisa kuti yaizoshanda pamwe chete nemakambani ane mukurumbira pasi rose esimba rinowanikwazve, Masdar neSiemens Energy Company, kugadzira nekugadzira nzvimbo yekuratidzira hydrogen yakasvibirira yemafuta endege anochengetedza nharaunda muAbu Dhabi, uye kukurudzira kugona kwekutengeserana kwehydrogen yakasvibirira semafuta anodiwa ekubvisa carbonization mune ramangwana. Muna Kurume, Total Energy yakasaina chibvumirano neDaimler Trucks Co., Ltd. chekugadzira pamwe chete sisitimu yekufambisa nharaunda yemarori anorema anofambiswa nehydrogen, uye kukurudzira kubviswa kwecarbonization yekutakura zvinhu mumigwagwa muEU. Kambani iyi inoronga kushanda kunzvimbo dzinosvika zana nemakumi mashanu dzekuisa hydrogen mafuta zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga muGermany, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg neFrance panosvika gore ra2030.
Pan Yanlei, CEO weTotal Energy, akati kambani yakagadzirira kugadzira hydrogen yakasvibirira pamwero mukuru, uye bhodhi revatungamiriri rakagadzirira kushandisa mari yekambani kuti rikurumidze hurongwa hwe hydrogen yakasvibirira. Zvisinei, tichifunga nezvemutengo wemagetsi, chinangwa chekuvandudza hachizove muEurope.
Bp yakasvika pachibvumirano neOman chekuwedzera mari yakawanda muOman, kurima maindasitiri matsva nehunyanzvi, kusanganisa simba rinogona kudzorerwa nehydrogen yakasvibirira zvichibva pabhizinesi regasi rechisikigo, uye kusimudzira chinangwa cheOman chesimba risingashandise kabhoni yakawanda. Bp ichavakawo nzvimbo yehydrogen mumaguta muAberdeen, Scotland, uye kuvaka nzvimbo yekugadzirwa, kuchengetera nekugovera hydrogen yakasvibirira muzvikamu zvitatu.
Chirongwa chikuru cheShell chehydrogen yakasvibira chakatangwa kugadzirwa muChina. Chirongwa ichi chine chimwe chezvishandiso zvikuru zvekugadzira hydrogen kubva mumvura ine electrolys pasi rose, zvichipa hydrogen yakasvibira yemotokari dzehydrogen fuel cell muZhangjiakou Division panguva yeOlympics yechando yeBeijing ya2022. Shell yakazivisa kushanda pamwe chete neGTT France kuti vagadzire matekinoroji matsva anogona kuita kuti hydrogen ifambiswe mumvura, kusanganisira dhizaini yekutanga yemuchina wehydrogen yakasvibira. Munguva yekushandurwa kwesimba, kudiwa kwehydrogen kuchawedzera, uye indasitiri yekutakura zvinhu inofanira kuita kuti hydrogen yakasvibira ifambiswe zvakanyanya, izvo zvinobatsira pakuumbwa kwecheni yemafuta ehydrogen yakakwikwidzana.
MuUnited States, Chevron neIwatani vakazivisa chibvumirano chekuvaka pamwe chete nzvimbo makumi matatu dzekuwedzera mafuta ehydrogen muCalifornia panosvika gore ra2026. ExxonMobil inoronga kuvaka fekitari yebhuruu yehydrogen muBaytown Refining and Chemical Complex muTexas, uye panguva imwe chete kuvaka imwe yemapurojekiti makuru eCCS pasi rose.
Saudi Arabia neNational Petroleum Corporation (PTT) yeThailand vanoshandira pamwe chete kuti vagadzire minda yehydrogen yebhuruu negirini uye vasimudzire mamwe mapurojekiti esimba rakachena.
Makambani makuru emafuta epasi rose akakurumidzisa kukura kwesimba rehydrogen, akasimudzira simba rehydrogen kuti rive nzvimbo inokosha mukushandurwa kwesimba, uye anogona kuunza shanduko itsva yesimba.
Makambani emafuta ekuEurope ari kukurumidza kuronga kugadzirwa kwesimba idzva
Makambani emafuta ekuEurope anoda chaizvo kugadzira simba idzva remagetsi rakaita sehydrogen, photovoltaic uye wind power.
Hurumende yeUS yakaisa chinangwa chekuvaka simba remhepo re30 GW rekunze kwenyika panosvika gore ra2030, zvichikwezva vagadziri vanosanganisira hofori dzesimba dzeEurope kuti vatore chikamu mubhidha. Total Energy yakahwina bhidha yepurojekiti yesimba remhepo re3 GW pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yeNew Jersey, uye inoronga kutanga kugadzira muna 2028, uye yakagadzira mubatanidzwa wekugadzira simba remhepo rekunze kwenyika rakakura muUnited States. Bp yakasaina chibvumirano neNorwegian National Oil Company chekushandura South Brooklyn Marine Terminal muNew York kuita nzvimbo yekushanda nekugadzirisa indasitiri yesimba remhepo rekunze kwenyika.
MuScotland, Total Energy yakahwina kodzero yekugadzira purojekiti yemagetsi emhepo iri kunze kwenyika ine simba re2 GW, iyo ichagadzirwa pamwe chete neGreen Investment Group (GIG) neScottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG). Uye bp EnBW yakahwinawo bhidhi repurojekiti yemagetsi emhepo iri kunze kwenyika kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva kweScotland. Kugona kwakarongwa kuiswa i2.9 GW, kwakakwana kupa magetsi akachena kumhuri dzinopfuura mamiriyoni matatu. Bp inorongawo kushandisa modhi yebhizinesi yakabatanidzwa kupa magetsi akachena anogadzirwa nemapurazi emhepo ari kunze kwenyika kune network yekuchaja mota dzemagetsi yekambani muScotland. Makambani maviri akabatana neShell Scottish Power Company akawanawo marezenisi maviri ekuvandudza mapurojekiti emagetsi emhepo ari kuyangarara muScotland, ane simba re5 GW.
MuAsia, bp ichashanda pamwe chete naMarubeni, kambani yekuJapan inogadzira mhepo yekunze kwenyika, kuti itore chikamu mukutsvaga mapurojekiti emagetsi emhepo yekunze kwenyika muJapan, uye ichagadzira timu yemuno inogadzira mhepo yekunze kwenyika muTokyo. Shell ichasimudzira chirongwa chemagetsi emhepo yekunze ye1.3 GW muSouth Korea. Shell yakatengawo Sprng Energy yeIndia kuburikidza nekambani yayo yekudyara mari yekunze kwenyika, iyo iri imwe yemakambani ari kukura nekukurumidza muIndia achishandisa simba remhepo nezuva. Shell yakati kutenga uku kwakakura kwakasimudzira kuti ive piyona wekushandura simba zvakakwana.
MuAustralia, Shell yakazivisa musi wa1 Kukadzi kuti yakanga yapedza kutenga kambani yemagetsi yekuAustralia inonzi Powershop, iyo yakawedzera mari yayo muzvinhu zvine chekuita nekabhoni isina kabhoni uye ine kabhoni shoma muAustralia. Sekureva kwemushumo wekota yekutanga ya2022, Shell yakatengawo 49% yemugove mukambani yemagetsi yeAustralia inonzi Zephyr Energy, uye inoronga kutanga bhizinesi rekugadzira magetsi ane kabhoni shoma muAustralia.
Munyaya yesimba rezuva, Total Energy yakatenga SunPower, kambani yekuAmerica, nemadhora ekuAmerica mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni kuti iwedzere bhizinesi rayo rekugadzira magetsi muUnited States. Pamusoro pezvo, Total yakagadzira mubatanidzwa neNippon Oil Company kuti iwedzere bhizinesi rayo rekugadzira magetsi anoparadzirwa nezuva muAsia.
Lightsource bp, kambani yakabatana neBP, inotarisira kupedzisa chirongwa chesimba guru rezuva re1 GW muFrance panosvika gore ra2026 kuburikidza nekambani yayo. Kambani iyi ichashanda pamwe chete neContact Energy, imwe yemakambani makuru ehurumende muNew Zealand, pamapurojekiti akati wandei esimba rezuva muNew Zealand.
Chinangwa cheNet Zero Emission Chinosimudzira Kuvandudzwa kweTekinoroji yeCCUS/CCS
Kusiyana nemakambani emafuta ekuEurope, makambani emafuta ekuAmerica anowanzo tarisa pakutora, kushandisa uye kuchengetedza kabhoni (CCUS) uye zvishoma pakushandisa simba rinogona kudzokororwa sesimba rezuva nemagetsi emhepo.
Pakutanga kwegore, ExxonMobil yakavimbisa kuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon mubhizinesi rayo repasi rose kusvika pazero panosvika gore ra2050, uye inoronga kushandisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu emadhora pakudyara mari mukushandura simba rekuchengetedza nharaunda mumakore matanhatu anotevera. Muchikamu chekutanga chegore, ExxonMobil yakasvika pachisarudzo chekupedzisira chekudyara mari. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichadyara mamiriyoni mazana mana emadhora emadhora ekuwedzera nzvimbo yayo yekutora kabhoni muLabaki, Wyoming, iyo ichawedzera mamwe matani mamiriyoni 1.2 pakukwanisa kwayo kwekutora kabhoni pagore kweanoda kusvika matani mamiriyoni manomwe.
Chevron yakaisa mari muCarbon Clean, kambani yakatarisana netekinoroji yeCCUS, uye yakashandawo pamwe neEarth Restoration Foundation kugadzira maeka 8,800 esango recarbon digger muLouisiana sechirongwa chayo chekutanga chekubvisa carbon digger. Chevron yakabatanawo neGlobal Maritime Decarburization Center (GCMD), uye yakashanda pamwe chete mune ramangwana mune tekinoroji yekutora mafuta necarbon kuti ikurudzire indasitiri yekutakura zvinhu kuti isvike pachinangwa che zero. Muna Chivabvu, Chevron yakasaina chibvumirano chekunzwisisana neTallas Energy Company kuti vagadzire mubatanidzwa wekuvaka ——Bayou Bend CCS, nzvimbo yeCCS iri kunze kwegungwa muTexas.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Chevron neExxonMobil vakasaina zvibvumirano nekambani yemafuta yenyika yeIndonesia (Pertamina) kuti vaongorore mikana yebhizinesi risingashandise kabhoni yakawanda muIndonesia.
Kuedza kweTotal Energy muindasitiri ye3D kunoratidza nzira itsva yekubata kabhoni diokisijeni kubva mumabasa emaindasitiri. Chirongwa ichi muDunkirk chine chinangwa chekusimbisa mhinduro dzetekinoroji yekubata kabhoni inodzokororwa uye idanho rakakosha rekubvisa kabhoni.
CCUS ndeimwe yehunyanzvi hwakakosha hwekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pasi rose uye chikamu chakakosha chemhinduro dzemamiriro ekunze pasi rose. Nyika pasi rese dzinoshandisa tekinoroji iyi nenzira itsva kugadzira mikana yekuvandudza hupfumi hutsva hwesimba.
Pamusoro pezvo, muna 2022, Total Energy yakaedzawo kugadzira mafuta ekufambisa ndege anochengetedza nharaunda (SAF), uye puratifomu yayo yeNormandy yakatanga kugadzira SAF zvinobudirira. Kambani iyi inoshandawo pamwe neNippon Oil Company kugadzira SAF.
Senzira yakakosha yekushandura simba risingashandise kabhoni yakawanda nekutenga makambani emafuta epasi rose, Total yakawedzera simba remagetsi rinosvika 4 GW nekutenga American Core Solar. Chevron yakazivisa kuti ichatenga REG, boka remagetsi anodzokororwa, nemadhora mabhiriyoni matatu negumi nemashanu emadhora, zvichiita kuti ive bheti guru pane mamwe magetsi.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara epasi rose nemamiriro edenda haana kumisa mafambiro ekuchinja kwesimba mumakambani makuru emafuta epasi rose. "World Energy Transformation Outlook 2022" inoshuma kuti shanduko yesimba repasi rose yafambira mberi. Vachitarisana nezvinonetsa zvenzanga, vagovani, nezvimwewo uye kuwedzera kwekudzoka kwemari musimba idzva, shanduko yesimba yemakambani makuru emafuta epasi rose iri kufambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma uku vachiona kuchengetedzeka kwenguva refu kwesimba nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-04-2022